Which cloud type is least likely to be affected by temperature changes at the water surface?

Closed cell convective clouds are typically characterized by a more organized structure and a stable environment compared to other cloud types. These clouds often form in situations where there's a temperature inversion, limiting vertical mixing. As a result, they tend to be less responsive to changes in water surface temperatures.

The water surface can influence the development of cloud types that rely heavily on atmospheric instability and vertical development, such as cumulus clouds and open cell convective clouds. These types of clouds are more directly impacted by warm surface temperatures, which enhance convection and lead to growth.

Stratocumulus clouds, while somewhat stable, can still be affected by surface temperature changes, especially if substantial heating or cooling occurs. In contrast, the stability and organization of closed cell convective clouds mean they maintain their structure and formation characteristics despite fluctuations in temperature at the water surface, making them less sensitive to those changes.