What characterizes plunging breakers?

Plunging breakers are characterized by their distinct crest that curls and forms a well-defined shape before crashing down toward the water's surface. This occurs when the wave's energy is high and the bottom of the wave suddenly becomes steep due to the ocean floor rising sharply. Consequently, the wave breaks with significant energy, creating a dramatic display as the crest crashes into the trough of the wave.

The well-defined curl of a plunging breaker contrasts with other types of breakers, such as spilling breakers, which have a less pronounced crest and tend to break more gradually along the front. The high energy associated with plunging breakers can create powerful surf conditions, making them notable for surfers and sailors alike.

The other options describe either insufficient energy or an undefined curl, which do not accurately reflect the characteristics of a plunging breaker.